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TB-500

Tier 3 - Preclinical

Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ)

A synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4 that promotes cell migration, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. One of the most popular healing peptides, frequently stacked with BPC-157.

subcutaneousintramuscular

How It Works

TB-500 helps your cells move to where they need to be for healing. It works by affecting actin, a protein that controls cell movement. This promotes new blood vessel growth at injury sites, reduces inflammation, and helps your body rebuild damaged tissue from the inside out.

Goal Relevance

9/10
injury recovery

Primary use case. Extensive Tb4 preclinical data on tissue repair across muscle, tendon, skin, corneal, and cardiac tissue. Cell migration and angiogenesis mechanisms directly support healing.

8/10
joint health

Anti-inflammatory properties and tissue repair mechanisms support joint recovery. Commonly used alongside BPC-157 for joint injuries.

5/10
anti aging

Promotes tissue repair and has anti-inflammatory effects relevant to aging. Dermal healing research suggests skin quality benefits.

5/10
hair skin

Tb4 promotes dermal healing and has been shown to stimulate hair follicle stem cells in preclinical models.

4/10
immune function

Thymosin Beta-4 was originally identified as a thymic hormone involved in immune cell maturation. Some immune modulation properties.

3/10
gut health

Not a primary gut peptide. BPC-157 is preferred for gut applications.

3/10
muscle growth

Promotes muscle repair but not a growth promoter.

2/10
cognitive

Limited data on neuroprotection.

1/10
fat loss

Not relevant.

1/10
sleep

Not relevant.

Detailed Mechanism of Action

TB-500 binds to actin monomers, promoting the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and cell migration to wound sites. The LKKTETQ sequence is the actin-binding domain responsible for sequestering G-actin monomers, which regulates cytoskeletal dynamics necessary for cell motility. TB-500 also promotes extracellular matrix remodeling via metalloproteinase regulation, reduces inflammatory cytokines, and has anti-apoptotic properties. It upregulates integrin-mediated signaling for ECM remodeling and fibroblast activation.

Dosing Protocols

Standard Loading Phase

Dose: 2-2.5 mg
Frequency: 2x per week
Route: subcutaneous
Cycle: 4-6 weeks loading, then maintenance

Most common community protocol. Loading phase builds systemic levels. Can inject anywhere subcutaneously (not site-specific like BPC-157).

Maintenance Phase

Dose: 2 mg
Frequency: 1x per week or every 2 weeks
Route: subcutaneous
Cycle: Ongoing as needed

After loading phase, reduce frequency. Many users maintain for 4-8 additional weeks.

BPC-157 + TB-500 Stack

Dose: TB-500: 2-2.5mg 2x/week + BPC-157: 250-500mcg 2x/day
Frequency: See individual dosing
Route: subcutaneous
Cycle: 4-8 weeks

The most popular healing peptide stack. Complementary mechanisms. BPC-157 injected near injury site, TB-500 injected anywhere.

Side Effects

mild
Injection site irritation/redness (common)
mild
Head rush/lightheadedness post-injection (uncommon)
mild
Lethargy/fatigue (uncommon)
mild
Headache (uncommon)
mild
Nausea (rare)

Contraindications

AVOID
Active cancer or cancer history

TB-500 promotes angiogenesis and cell migration. These are the same mechanisms tumors exploit for growth and metastasis. Theoretical risk of promoting tumor growth or spread.

AVOID
Pregnancy or breastfeeding

No safety data. Cell migration and angiogenesis effects could affect fetal development.

WARNING
Children/adolescents

No safety data in pediatric populations.

Biomarker Interactions

hs-CRP (moderate evidence)

Anti-inflammatory effects via cytokine modulation

VEGF (moderate evidence)

Promotes angiogenesis through VEGF pathway activation

~
MMP (matrix metalloproteinases) (moderate evidence)

Modulates extracellular matrix remodeling

Stacking Compatibility

synergistic
BPC-157

The gold standard healing stack. BPC-157 works via VEGF/NO, TB-500 via actin/cell migration. Complementary mechanisms provide broader healing coverage. Most popular peptide combination in the community.

synergistic
GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu adds collagen synthesis. Triple stack with BPC-157 for comprehensive healing.

neutral
CJC-1295/Ipamorelin

No known interactions. GH secretagogues may complement healing indirectly.

neutral
MK-677

No known interactions.

Published Research

beta-Thymosins

PMID 17468232

Hannappel E - Ann N Y Acad Sci (2007) - Review

Comprehensive review of Tb4 development from thymic hormone to actin-sequestering peptide to cytokine supporting wound healing. Documents biological effects including cell migration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Limitations: Review article, covers full-length Tb4, not TB-500 fragment specifically.

Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside

PMID 30063853

Sosne G - Expert Opin Biol Ther (2018) - Review

Tb4 has important applications in ocular repair. Phase 3 clinical trials using Tb4 to treat dry eye and neurotrophic keratopathy were ongoing at time of publication.

Limitations: Covers full-length Tb4 for ophthalmic use, not TB-500 fragment for systemic healing.

Animal studies with thymosin beta, a multifunctional tissue repair and regeneration peptide

PMID 20536453

Philp D, Kleinman HK - Ann N Y Acad Sci (2010) - Review

Studies in various animal models provided scientific foundation for ongoing dermal, corneal, and cardiac wound repair clinical trials.

Limitations: Animal data review.

Thymosin beta4 Promotes Dermal Healing

PMID 27450738

Kleinman HK, Sosne G - Vitam Horm (2016) - Review

Tb4 accelerates dermal wound repair. Small, abundant peptide with significant wound healing potential.

Limitations: Review of full-length Tb4.

Doping control analysis of TB-500 in equine urine and plasma by LC-MS

PMID 23084823

Ho ENM, et al. - J Chromatogr A (2012) - Analytical method

First identification of TB-500 and its metabolites in post-administration equine samples. Confirms TB-500 is the acetylated LKKTETQ fragment of Tb4. Detectable in urine at 0.01 ng/mL.

Limitations: Equine pharmacokinetic study, not efficacy.

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

PMID 41490200

Rahman OF, Lee SJ, Seeds WA - J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev (2026) - Review

BPC-157, TB-500, and GHK-Cu promote angiogenesis, integrin-mediated ECM remodeling, and fibroblast activation for wound healing.

Limitations: Review article.

Community Notes

TB-500 is the second most popular healing peptide after BPC-157 on r/Peptides. Almost always discussed in the context of the BPC-157 + TB-500 stack. Community consensus: TB-500 has slower onset but broader systemic healing effects compared to BPC-157's more localized action. Dosing is less frequent (2x/week vs 2x/day) due to higher per-dose amounts. Commonly used for: tendon injuries, muscle tears, joint inflammation, and post-surgical recovery. Main concern: quality control from research chemical vendors. Users report it is well-tolerated with minimal side effects. Note: TB-500 doses are in milligrams (not micrograms like BPC-157), so it is more expensive per cycle.

Legal Status (US)

Research chemical. Not FDA-approved for any indication. Not currently on WADA prohibited list but athletes should verify.

TB-500 is sold as a research chemical. The full-length Thymosin Beta-4 has been in clinical trials (RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals) but TB-500 as a fragment product is not part of those trials. Not banned by FDA from compounding (unlike BPC-157). Available from research chemical vendors.

Practical Information

Time to Effect2-4 weeks for initial effects. Full benefits typically reported at 6-8 weeks. Slower onset than BPC-157 due to weekly dosing and systemic mechanism.
Half-lifeNot well-established for TB-500 specifically. Full-length Tb4 has a short plasma half-life. The loading dose protocol compensates for this.
StorageLyophilized powder: room temperature, away from light. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2-8C, use within 30 days.
ReconstitutionReconstitute lyophilized powder with bacteriostatic water. For a 5mg vial, add 2ml bacteriostatic water = 2500mcg/ml. Use insulin syringes for subcutaneous injection.

Evidence Assessment

Full-length Thymosin Beta-4 has extensive research including Phase 3 clinical trials for ocular repair. TB-500 specifically (the synthetic fragment) has primarily animal data and equine studies. No human clinical trials on TB-500 itself.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational and research purposes only. PepStack does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any peptide or supplement. Research suggests these compounds may have various effects, but individual results vary and many claims require further clinical validation.